Articles

Criminal Force: (i) Intentionally using force to any person without the latter’s consent in order to the committing of any offence, or (ii) intending to cause, by use of such force, or knowledge that he is likely by such use to cause injury, fear or annoyance to the person to Read more…

(i) No facts other than those having some connection with the matter in controversy should be gone into by the Court. In other words, only facts having a rational probative value should be admitted in evidence. (ii) All facts having rational probative value are admissible in evidence, unless excluded by Read more…

The object of Section 124 of the code is to protect high officials so as to enable them to function freely without fear of personal harm in the course of discharge of their duties. Section 124 of the code is an amplification of the third clause of Section 121 A Read more…

Kolkata – 700 027. December 4, 2010 The Deputy Commissioner, Kolkata Police (Traffic), 18, Lalbazar Street, Kolkata – 700 001. Subject: Increasing instances of traffic jams in the city Dear Sir, This letter intends to bring to your kind attention the unimaginable harassment commuters face on Alipore Road due to Read more…

A transaction which is required to be registered under the law must be in writing, signed by transferor and attested by two competent witnesses. But, as pointed out earlier, Section 129 of the Transfer of Property Act specifically provides that the abovementioned provisions are not applicable to gifts made by Read more…

Section 295 requires two things to constitute an offence, namely,— 1. Destruction, damage or defilement of (a) any place of worship, or (b) any object held sacred by a class of persons. 2. Such destruction, etc must have been done: (i) with the intention of insulting the religion of a Read more…

1. Gravitational water. 2. Capillary water. 3. Imbibed water. 4. Runaway water. 5. Chemically combined water. Mechanism of water Absorption: 1. Active absorption of water 2. Passive absorption of water 1. Active Absorption of Water: When the water is absorbed due to the activity of root itself, particularly root hairs, Read more…

Ingredients: It is the duty of the prosecution in order to bring home the guilt of a person under Section 411, I.P.C. to prove: (1) That the stolen property was in possession of the accused. (2) That some person other than the accused had possession of the property before the Read more…

Illustrations: (i) A gives Z fifty strokes with a stick. Here A may have committed the offence of voluntarily causing hurt to Z by the whole beating, and also by each of the blows which make up the whole beating. If A were liable to punishment for every blow, he Read more…

The section requires that the accused must adulterate any article of food or drink. The adulteration must be such that the article of food or drink becomes noxious. The accused must have intention to sell such a noxious article of food or drink, or must have knowledge that such noxious Read more…

Asdiscussed earlier glasses are amorphous solids of disordered arrangement ofatoms, so no particular theory is on the formation of glass network. But stillthere are number of theories which describe the formation and structure of theglasses. These theories depend upon number of factors like their bonddissociation energies, their abilities to from Read more…

A part of the language used in section 103 of the Code has been used in section 380 also. The word ‘building’ means a permanent edifice of some kind. The use of this word along with the words ‘tent’ and ‘vessel’ goes on to show that there must be some Read more…

The section requires that any person guilty of committing lurking house-trespass by night or house-breaking by night must, at the time of committing such offence, either voluntarily cause or attempt to cause death or grievous hurt of any person, and in such a situation every person who is jointly concerned Read more…

When the skies cloud over and the rain falls in torrents, we feel pensive. A balmy moonlit night can awaken the lover in us. Such is the transformative power of nature’s beauty. In the movie, ‘The Silence of the Lambs’, the cannibalistic psychiatrist Hannibal Lector who is in a maximum Read more…

Those little behind in the queue feared that soon the “house” would be “full” and they would not be able to get tickets. So they were pushing the persons in front of them. Some even tried to reach close to window by hook or crook, but others did not allow Read more…